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Explore public detection logic contributed by the community across SIEM and rule languages.
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This query will find applications that have been granted Mail.Read or Mail.ReadWrite permissions in which the corresponding user recently consented to. It can help identify applications that have been abused to gain access to user email.
The actor, Nobelium, was observed modifying existing tenant application permissions to allow them to read user email through the Microsoft Graph API. See Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks.
This query is insprired by an Azure Sentinel detection.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/MailPermissionsAddedToApplication.yaml
The actor, Nobelium, was observed modifying existing tenant application permissions to allow them to read user email through the Microsoft Graph API. See Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks.
This query is insprired by an Azure Sentinel detection.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/MailPermissionsAddedToApplication.yaml
This query will find when a new credential is added to an application or service principal.
The Nobelium activity group was able to gain sufficient access to add credentials to existing applications with mail read permissions. They used that access to exfiltrate email.
See Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks for more on the Nobelium campaign (formerly known as Solorigate).
Additional information on OAuth Credential Grants can be found in RFC 6749 Section 4.4 or Microsoft Entra ID audit activity reference.
For further information on AuditLogs please see Microsoft Entra ID audit activity reference.
This query was inspired by an Azure Sentinel detection.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-audit-activities
https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/NewAppOrServicePrincipalCredential.yaml
The Nobelium activity group was able to gain sufficient access to add credentials to existing applications with mail read permissions. They used that access to exfiltrate email.
See Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks for more on the Nobelium campaign (formerly known as Solorigate).
Additional information on OAuth Credential Grants can be found in RFC 6749 Section 4.4 or Microsoft Entra ID audit activity reference.
For further information on AuditLogs please see Microsoft Entra ID audit activity reference.
This query was inspired by an Azure Sentinel detection.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-audit-activities
https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/NewAppOrServicePrincipalCredential.yaml
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, MailSniper Exchange attack tool.
MailSniper is a tool that targets Microsoft Exchange Server. The core function is to connect to Exchange Server and search through emails. In support of this, it can perform reconnaissance, collection, exfiltration, and credential theft. MailSniper is used both by red teams running penetration tests, and by malicious actors.
Microsoft Defender Security Center may record the following alerts during and after an attack:
1. Global mail search on Exchange using MailSniper
2. Exchange mailbox or mail folder search using MailSniper
3. Enumeration of Active Directory usernames using MailSniper
4. Enumeration of the Exchange GAL using MailSniper
5. Access to Exchange inboxes using MailSniper
6. Password spraying using MailSniper
7. Enumeration of domains and user accounts using MailSniper
The following query detects activity commonly associated with attacks run with MailSniper.
Reference - https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper
MailSniper is a tool that targets Microsoft Exchange Server. The core function is to connect to Exchange Server and search through emails. In support of this, it can perform reconnaissance, collection, exfiltration, and credential theft. MailSniper is used both by red teams running penetration tests, and by malicious actors.
Microsoft Defender Security Center may record the following alerts during and after an attack:
1. Global mail search on Exchange using MailSniper
2. Exchange mailbox or mail folder search using MailSniper
3. Enumeration of Active Directory usernames using MailSniper
4. Enumeration of the Exchange GAL using MailSniper
5. Access to Exchange inboxes using MailSniper
6. Password spraying using MailSniper
7. Enumeration of domains and user accounts using MailSniper
The following query detects activity commonly associated with attacks run with MailSniper.
Reference - https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper
Attackers can use Adfind which is administrative tool to gather information about Domain controllers, ADFS Servers. They may also rename executables with other benign tools on the system.
Below query will look for adfind usage in commandline arguments irrespective of executable name in short span of time. You can limit query this to your DC and ADFS servers.
Below references talk about suspicious use of adfind by adversaries.
- https://thedfirreport.com/2020/05/08/adfind-recon/
- https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/
Below query will look for adfind usage in commandline arguments irrespective of executable name in short span of time. You can limit query this to your DC and ADFS servers.
Below references talk about suspicious use of adfind by adversaries.
- https://thedfirreport.com/2020/05/08/adfind-recon/
- https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/
LemonDuck is an actively updated and robust malware primarily known for its botnet and cryptocurrency mining objectives. First discovered in 2019, LemonDuck has since adopted more sophisticated behavior and escalated its operations in 2021. Today, beyond using resources for its traditional bot and mining activities, LemonDuck steals credentials, removes security controls, spreads via emails, moves laterally, and ultimately drops more tools for human-operated activity.
Detect multiple Active Directory LDAP queries made in bin time
Replace 10 on line 1 with your desired thershold
Replace 1m on line 2 with your desired bin time
Replace 10 on line 1 with your desired thershold
Replace 1m on line 2 with your desired bin time
'Looks for users retrieving BitLocker keys. Enriches these logs with a summary of alerts associated with the user accessing the keys.
Use this query to start looking for anomalous patterns of key retrieval.
Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/security-operations-devices#bitlocker-key-retrieval'
Use this query to start looking for anomalous patterns of key retrieval.
Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/security-operations-devices#bitlocker-key-retrieval'
'Identifies a list of IP addresses with a minimum number (default of 5) of failed logon attempts to AWS Console.
Uses that list to identify any successful Microsoft Entra ID logons from these IPs within the same timeframe.'
Uses that list to identify any successful Microsoft Entra ID logons from these IPs within the same timeframe.'
Credentials were added to an application by UserA, after the application was granted admin consent rights by UserB
The Nobelium activity group has been observed adding credentials (x509 keys or password credentials) for one or more legitimate OAuth Applications or Service Principals, usually with existing Mail.Read or Mail.ReadWrite permissions, which grants the ability to read mail content from Exchange Online via Microsoft Graph or Outlook REST. Examples include mail archiving applications.
See Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks for more on the Nobelium campaign (formerly known as Solorigate).
See Grant tenant-wide admin consent to an application for how to add admin consent to an application.
More Nobelium-related queries can be found listed under the See also section of this document.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/grant-admin-consent
The Nobelium activity group has been observed adding credentials (x509 keys or password credentials) for one or more legitimate OAuth Applications or Service Principals, usually with existing Mail.Read or Mail.ReadWrite permissions, which grants the ability to read mail content from Exchange Online via Microsoft Graph or Outlook REST. Examples include mail archiving applications.
See Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks for more on the Nobelium campaign (formerly known as Solorigate).
See Grant tenant-wide admin consent to an application for how to add admin consent to an application.
More Nobelium-related queries can be found listed under the See also section of this document.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/grant-admin-consent
'Azure AD Connect (AAD Connect) is a critical service that handles connections between on-premise Active Directory and Azure AD.
Due to the critical nature of AAD Connect threat actors may attempt to compromise the service in order to access credentials.
This query looks for SSH connections to host that appear to run AAD Connect. The results should be reviewed to determine if the
SSH connection is legitimate.'
Due to the critical nature of AAD Connect threat actors may attempt to compromise the service in order to access credentials.
This query looks for SSH connections to host that appear to run AAD Connect. The results should be reviewed to determine if the
SSH connection is legitimate.'
Detects when there is a login attempt from a country that has not seen a successful login in the previous 14 days.
Threat actors may attempt to authenticate with credentials from compromised accounts - monitoring attempts from anomalous locations may help identify these attempts.
Authentication attempts should be investigated to ensure the activity was legitimate and if there is other similar activity.
Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/security-operations-user-accounts#monitoring-for-failed-unusual-sign-ins
Threat actors may attempt to authenticate with credentials from compromised accounts - monitoring attempts from anomalous locations may help identify these attempts.
Authentication attempts should be investigated to ensure the activity was legitimate and if there is other similar activity.
Ref: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/security-operations-user-accounts#monitoring-for-failed-unusual-sign-ins
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Msiexec abuse.
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
This query finds the 10 latest logons performed by email recipients within 30 minutes after they received known malicious emails. You can use this query to check whether the accounts of the email recipients have been compromised.
lazagne
KQL
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Ryuk ransomware. There is also a related blog.
Ryuk is human-operated ransomware. Much like DoppelPaymer ransomware, Ryuk is spread manually, often on networks that are already infected with Trickbot.
During a typical Ryuk campaign, an operator will use LaZagne, a credential theft tool, to access stored passwords for service accounts. The accounts are then used to jump from desktop clients to servers or domain controllers, allowing for better reconnaissance, faster movement, and a more severe impact on the target.
The following query detects credential theft by LaZagne.
The See also section below lists links to other queries associated with Ryuk ransomware.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Ransom:Win32/Ryuk&threatId=-2147232689
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne
Ryuk is human-operated ransomware. Much like DoppelPaymer ransomware, Ryuk is spread manually, often on networks that are already infected with Trickbot.
During a typical Ryuk campaign, an operator will use LaZagne, a credential theft tool, to access stored passwords for service accounts. The accounts are then used to jump from desktop clients to servers or domain controllers, allowing for better reconnaissance, faster movement, and a more severe impact on the target.
The following query detects credential theft by LaZagne.
The See also section below lists links to other queries associated with Ryuk ransomware.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Ransom:Win32/Ryuk&threatId=-2147232689
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne
'This detection uses Windows security events to look for users reading the local Device Identity Key (Machine Key).
This information can be correlated with other events for additional context and get to use-cases where a
machine key with a transport key together can be used to impersonate an Entra ID joined or registered machine.
Reference: https://o365blog.com/post/deviceidentity/'
This information can be correlated with other events for additional context and get to use-cases where a
machine key with a transport key together can be used to impersonate an Entra ID joined or registered machine.
Reference: https://o365blog.com/post/deviceidentity/'
This query helps hunting for Automated email notifications and suspicious sign-in activity
'This query detects an abuse of the DSRM account in order to maintain persistence and access to the organization's Active Directory.
Ref: https://adsecurity.org/?p=1785'
Ref: https://adsecurity.org/?p=1785'
This detection approach correlates a user accessing an email with image/document attachments and a risky sign-in attempt from non-trusted devices.
'This query looks for sign ins by the Microsoft Entra ID Connect Sync account to Azure where properties about the logon are anomalous.
This query uses Microsoft Sentinel's UEBA features to detect these suspicious properties.
A threat actor may attempt to steal the Sync account credentials and use them to access Azure resources. This alert should be
reviewed to ensure that the log in came was from a legitimate source.'
This query uses Microsoft Sentinel's UEBA features to detect these suspicious properties.
A threat actor may attempt to steal the Sync account credentials and use them to access Azure resources. This alert should be
reviewed to ensure that the log in came was from a legitimate source.'
'Identifies a list of IP addresses with a minimum number (defualt of 5) of failed logon attempts to Microsoft Entra ID.
Uses that list to identify any successful AWS Console logons from these IPs within the same timeframe.'
Uses that list to identify any successful AWS Console logons from these IPs within the same timeframe.'
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Ransomware continues to hit healthcare, critical services.
It finds all user accounts that have logged on to an endpoint affected by Cobalt Strike, a penetration tool.
Assume that all credentials on endpoints affected by Cobalt Strike were available to attackers and that all associated accounts are compromised. Note that attackers will not only dump credentials for accounts that have logged on to interactive or RDP sessions, but will also dump cached credentials and passwords for service accounts and scheduled tasks that are stored in the LSA Secrets section of the registry.
Reference - https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154/
It finds all user accounts that have logged on to an endpoint affected by Cobalt Strike, a penetration tool.
Assume that all credentials on endpoints affected by Cobalt Strike were available to attackers and that all associated accounts are compromised. Note that attackers will not only dump credentials for accounts that have logged on to interactive or RDP sessions, but will also dump cached credentials and passwords for service accounts and scheduled tasks that are stored in the LSA Secrets section of the registry.
Reference - https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154/
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