Detections
Explore public detection logic contributed by the community across SIEM and rule languages.
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Attackers can use Adfind which is administrative tool to gather information about Domain controllers, ADFS Servers. They may also rename executables with other benign tools on the system.
Below query will look for adfind usage in commandline arguments irrespective of executable name in short span of time. You can limit query this to your DC and ADFS servers.
Below references talk about suspicious use of adfind by adversaries.
- https://thedfirreport.com/2020/05/08/adfind-recon/
- https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/
Below query will look for adfind usage in commandline arguments irrespective of executable name in short span of time. You can limit query this to your DC and ADFS servers.
Below references talk about suspicious use of adfind by adversaries.
- https://thedfirreport.com/2020/05/08/adfind-recon/
- https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/
LemonDuck is an actively updated and robust malware primarily known for its botnet and cryptocurrency mining objectives. First discovered in 2019, LemonDuck has since adopted more sophisticated behavior and escalated its operations in 2021. Today, beyond using resources for its traditional bot and mining activities, LemonDuck steals credentials, removes security controls, spreads via emails, moves laterally, and ultimately drops more tools for human-operated activity.
Threat actors performed dumping of SAM, SECURITY and SYSTEM registry hives using DelegateExecute key
Detects when an attacker tries to add a new network provider in order to dump clear text credentials, similar to how the NPPSpy tool does it
Detects process access to LSASS which is typical for Mimikatz (0x1000 PROCESS_QUERY_ LIMITED_INFORMATION, 0x0400 PROCESS_QUERY_ INFORMATION "only old versions", 0x0010 PROCESS_VM_READ)
Shadow Copies creation using operating systems utilities, possible credential access
Detects the Internet Information Services (IIS) command-line tool, AppCmd, being used to list passwords
lazagne
KQL
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Ryuk ransomware. There is also a related blog.
Ryuk is human-operated ransomware. Much like DoppelPaymer ransomware, Ryuk is spread manually, often on networks that are already infected with Trickbot.
During a typical Ryuk campaign, an operator will use LaZagne, a credential theft tool, to access stored passwords for service accounts. The accounts are then used to jump from desktop clients to servers or domain controllers, allowing for better reconnaissance, faster movement, and a more severe impact on the target.
The following query detects credential theft by LaZagne.
The See also section below lists links to other queries associated with Ryuk ransomware.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Ransom:Win32/Ryuk&threatId=-2147232689
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne
Ryuk is human-operated ransomware. Much like DoppelPaymer ransomware, Ryuk is spread manually, often on networks that are already infected with Trickbot.
During a typical Ryuk campaign, an operator will use LaZagne, a credential theft tool, to access stored passwords for service accounts. The accounts are then used to jump from desktop clients to servers or domain controllers, allowing for better reconnaissance, faster movement, and a more severe impact on the target.
The following query detects credential theft by LaZagne.
The See also section below lists links to other queries associated with Ryuk ransomware.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Ransom:Win32/Ryuk&threatId=-2147232689
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/
https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Ransomware continues to hit healthcare, critical services.
It finds all user accounts that have logged on to an endpoint affected by Cobalt Strike, a penetration tool.
Assume that all credentials on endpoints affected by Cobalt Strike were available to attackers and that all associated accounts are compromised. Note that attackers will not only dump credentials for accounts that have logged on to interactive or RDP sessions, but will also dump cached credentials and passwords for service accounts and scheduled tasks that are stored in the LSA Secrets section of the registry.
Reference - https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154/
It finds all user accounts that have logged on to an endpoint affected by Cobalt Strike, a penetration tool.
Assume that all credentials on endpoints affected by Cobalt Strike were available to attackers and that all associated accounts are compromised. Note that attackers will not only dump credentials for accounts that have logged on to interactive or RDP sessions, but will also dump cached credentials and passwords for service accounts and scheduled tasks that are stored in the LSA Secrets section of the registry.
Reference - https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154/
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, WDigest credential harvesting.
WDigest is a legacy authentication protocol dating from Windows XP. While still used on some corporate networks, this protocol can be manipulated by attackers to dump system credentials.
The Microsoft Security Response Center published an overview of KB2871997, which addresses WDigest use on older platforms. More recent versions of Windows can be protected with a holistic security approach that follows the principle of least privilege.
The following query returns any attempts to turn WDigest credential caching on through the registry.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc778868(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2014/06/05/an-overview-of-kb2871997/
https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB2871997
https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/implementing-least-privilege-administrative-models
WDigest is a legacy authentication protocol dating from Windows XP. While still used on some corporate networks, this protocol can be manipulated by attackers to dump system credentials.
The Microsoft Security Response Center published an overview of KB2871997, which addresses WDigest use on older platforms. More recent versions of Windows can be protected with a holistic security approach that follows the principle of least privilege.
The following query returns any attempts to turn WDigest credential caching on through the registry.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc778868(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2014/06/05/an-overview-of-kb2871997/
https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB2871997
https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/implementing-least-privilege-administrative-models
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Msiexec abuse.
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
Detects when an attacker tries to add a new network provider in order to dump clear text credentials, similar to how the NPPSpy tool does it
Detects using Rpcping.exe to send a RPC test connection to the target server (-s) and force the NTLM hash to be sent in the process.
Detects Mimikatz MemSSP default log file creation
Detects the usage of "reg.exe" in order to dump sensitive registry hives. This includes SAM, SYSTEM and SECURITY hives.
Detects when an attacker tries to add a new network provider in order to dump clear text credentials, similar to how the NPPSpy tool does it
Detects when an attacker tries to add a new network provider in order to dump clear text credentials, similar to how the NPPSpy tool does it
Original Sigma Rule: https://github.com/Neo23x0/sigma/blob/master/rules/apt/apt_judgement_panda_gtr19.yml.
Questions via Twitter: @janvonkirchheim.
Questions via Twitter: @janvonkirchheim.
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, "Exchange Server zero-days exploited in the wild".
In early March 2021, Microsoft released patches for four different zero-day vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Exchange Server. The vulnerabilities were being used in a coordinated attack. For more information on the vulnerabilities, visit the following links:
1. CVE-2021-26855
2. CVE-2021-26857
3. CVE-2021-26858
4. CVE-2021-27065
The following query looks for evidence of Procdump being used to dump credentials from LSASS, the Local Security Authentication Server. This might indicate an attacker has compromised user accounts.
More queries related to this threat can be found under the See also section of this page.
Reference - https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/02/multiple-security-updates-released-for-exchange-server/
In early March 2021, Microsoft released patches for four different zero-day vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Exchange Server. The vulnerabilities were being used in a coordinated attack. For more information on the vulnerabilities, visit the following links:
1. CVE-2021-26855
2. CVE-2021-26857
3. CVE-2021-26858
4. CVE-2021-27065
The following query looks for evidence of Procdump being used to dump credentials from LSASS, the Local Security Authentication Server. This might indicate an attacker has compromised user accounts.
More queries related to this threat can be found under the See also section of this page.
Reference - https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/02/multiple-security-updates-released-for-exchange-server/
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Ransomware continues to hit healthcare, critical services. There is also a related blog.
In April of 2020, security researchers observed multiple ransomware campaigns using the same set of techniques. The attackers would compromise a web-facing endpoint and employ tools such as Cobalt Strike to steal users' credentials.
Cobalt Strike is commercial software used to conduct simulated threat campaigns against a target; however, malicious actors also use Cobalt Strike in real attacks. The software has a large range of capabilities, including credential theft.
The following query identifies accounts that have logged on to compromised endpoints and have potentially had their credentials stolen.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/28/ransomware-groups-continue-to-target-healthcare-critical-services-heres-how-to-reduce-risk/
https://www.cobaltstrike.com/
https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154/
In April of 2020, security researchers observed multiple ransomware campaigns using the same set of techniques. The attackers would compromise a web-facing endpoint and employ tools such as Cobalt Strike to steal users' credentials.
Cobalt Strike is commercial software used to conduct simulated threat campaigns against a target; however, malicious actors also use Cobalt Strike in real attacks. The software has a large range of capabilities, including credential theft.
The following query identifies accounts that have logged on to compromised endpoints and have potentially had their credentials stolen.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/28/ransomware-groups-continue-to-target-healthcare-critical-services-heres-how-to-reduce-risk/
https://www.cobaltstrike.com/
https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154/
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Msiexec abuse.
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
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