Detections
Explore public detection logic contributed by the community across SIEM and rule languages.
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This query looks for identity add through exchange PowerShell
Snip3 is a family of related remote access trojans. Although the malware in this family contain numerous small variations, they all exhibit similar behaviors and techniques.
The following query looks for a function call to a method named DetectSandboxie. This method is used in RevengeRAT and AsyncRAT instances involved in a campaign targeting the aviation industry, first observed in 2021. It has also been associated in the past other malware, such as WannaCry and QuasarRAT. Individual PowerShell functions can be detected in the same way in some instances, though care should be taken to ensure that the command name is unique -- otherwise, this query may return many false positives.
The following query looks for a function call to a method named DetectSandboxie. This method is used in RevengeRAT and AsyncRAT instances involved in a campaign targeting the aviation industry, first observed in 2021. It has also been associated in the past other malware, such as WannaCry and QuasarRAT. Individual PowerShell functions can be detected in the same way in some instances, though care should be taken to ensure that the command name is unique -- otherwise, this query may return many false positives.
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, MailSniper Exchange attack tool.
MailSniper is a tool that targets Microsoft Exchange Server. The core function is to connect to Exchange Server and search through emails. In support of this, it can perform reconnaissance, collection, exfiltration, and credential theft. MailSniper is used both by red teams running penetration tests, and by malicious actors.
Microsoft Defender Security Center may record the following alerts during and after an attack:
1. Global mail search on Exchange using MailSniper
2. Exchange mailbox or mail folder search using MailSniper
3. Enumeration of Active Directory usernames using MailSniper
4. Enumeration of the Exchange GAL using MailSniper
5. Access to Exchange inboxes using MailSniper
6. Password spraying using MailSniper
7. Enumeration of domains and user accounts using MailSniper
The following query detects activity commonly associated with attacks run with MailSniper.
Reference - https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper
MailSniper is a tool that targets Microsoft Exchange Server. The core function is to connect to Exchange Server and search through emails. In support of this, it can perform reconnaissance, collection, exfiltration, and credential theft. MailSniper is used both by red teams running penetration tests, and by malicious actors.
Microsoft Defender Security Center may record the following alerts during and after an attack:
1. Global mail search on Exchange using MailSniper
2. Exchange mailbox or mail folder search using MailSniper
3. Enumeration of Active Directory usernames using MailSniper
4. Enumeration of the Exchange GAL using MailSniper
5. Access to Exchange inboxes using MailSniper
6. Password spraying using MailSniper
7. Enumeration of domains and user accounts using MailSniper
The following query detects activity commonly associated with attacks run with MailSniper.
Reference - https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper
'This hunting query looks for hosts exporting a mailbox from an on-prem Exchange server, followed by
that same host removing the export within a short time window. This pattern has been observed by attackers
when exfiltrating emails from a target environment. A Mailbox export is unlikely to be a common command run so look for
activity from unexpected hosts and accounts.
Reference: https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/'
that same host removing the export within a short time window. This pattern has been observed by attackers
when exfiltrating emails from a target environment. A Mailbox export is unlikely to be a common command run so look for
activity from unexpected hosts and accounts.
Reference: https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/'
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, WDigest credential harvesting.
WDigest is a legacy authentication protocol dating from Windows XP. While still used on some corporate networks, this protocol can be manipulated by attackers to dump system credentials.
The Microsoft Security Response Center published an overview of KB2871997, which addresses WDigest use on older platforms. More recent versions of Windows can be protected with a holistic security approach that follows the principle of least privilege.
The following query returns any attempts to turn WDigest credential caching on through the registry.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc778868(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2014/06/05/an-overview-of-kb2871997/
https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB2871997
https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/implementing-least-privilege-administrative-models
WDigest is a legacy authentication protocol dating from Windows XP. While still used on some corporate networks, this protocol can be manipulated by attackers to dump system credentials.
The Microsoft Security Response Center published an overview of KB2871997, which addresses WDigest use on older platforms. More recent versions of Windows can be protected with a holistic security approach that follows the principle of least privilege.
The following query returns any attempts to turn WDigest credential caching on through the registry.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc778868(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2014/06/05/an-overview-of-kb2871997/
https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB2871997
https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/implementing-least-privilege-administrative-models
This query detects attempts to add attacker devices as allowed IDs for active sync using the Set-CASMailbox command.
This technique was seen in relation to Solorigate attack but the results can indicate potential malicious activity used in different attacks.
- Note that this query can be changed to use the KQL "has_all" operator, which hasn't yet been documented officially, but will be soon.
In short, "has_all" will only match when the referenced field has all strings in the list.
- Refer to Set-CASMailbox syntax: https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/exchange/set-casmailbox?view=exchange-ps
This technique was seen in relation to Solorigate attack but the results can indicate potential malicious activity used in different attacks.
- Note that this query can be changed to use the KQL "has_all" operator, which hasn't yet been documented officially, but will be soon.
In short, "has_all" will only match when the referenced field has all strings in the list.
- Refer to Set-CASMailbox syntax: https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/exchange/set-casmailbox?view=exchange-ps
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Msiexec abuse.
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
Msiexec.exe is a Windows component that installs files with the .msi extension. These kinds of files are Windows installer packages, and are used by a wide array of legitimate software. However, malicious actors can re-purpose msiexec.exe for living-off-the-land attacks, where they use legitimate system binaries on the compromised device to perform attacks.
The following query detects activity associated with misuse of msiexec.exe, particularly alongside mimikatz, a common credential dumper and privilege escalation tool.
Reference - https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-mimikatz/
Identify email exfiltration conducted by PowerShell.
This query looks for signs of impacket dcomexec module.
Author: Jouni Mikkola
More info: https://threathunt.blog/impacket-part-2/
Author: Jouni Mikkola
More info: https://threathunt.blog/impacket-part-2/
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Motivated miners.
Doublepulsar is a backdoor developed by the National Security Agency (NSA). First disclosed in 2017, it is now used by many malicious actors. Software patches are available.
The following query detects activity broadly associated with campaigns that use DoublePulsar to exploit web servers.
See Detect DoublePulsar execution for a query that detects possible DoublePulsar execution events.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/DoublePulsar&threatId=-2147239036
https://www.scmagazine.com/home/security-news/cybercrime/doublepulsar-malware-spreading-rapidly-in-the-wild-following-shadow-brokers-dump/
https://support.microsoft.com/help/4013389/title
Doublepulsar is a backdoor developed by the National Security Agency (NSA). First disclosed in 2017, it is now used by many malicious actors. Software patches are available.
The following query detects activity broadly associated with campaigns that use DoublePulsar to exploit web servers.
See Detect DoublePulsar execution for a query that detects possible DoublePulsar execution events.
References:
https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/DoublePulsar&threatId=-2147239036
https://www.scmagazine.com/home/security-news/cybercrime/doublepulsar-malware-spreading-rapidly-in-the-wild-following-shadow-brokers-dump/
https://support.microsoft.com/help/4013389/title
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, "Exchange Server zero-days exploited in the wild".
In early March 2021, Microsoft released patches for four different zero-day vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Exchange Server. The vulnerabilities were being used in a coordinated attack. For more information on the vulnerabilities, visit the following links:
1. CVE-2021-26855
2. CVE-2021-26857
3. CVE-2021-26858
4. CVE-2021-27065
The following query finds evidence of Base64-encoded commands used by the Nishang penetration testing framework to load a reverse TCP shell. This might indicate an attacker has remote access to the device.
More queries related to this threat can be found under the See also section of this page.
Reference - https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/02/multiple-security-updates-released-for-exchange-server/
In early March 2021, Microsoft released patches for four different zero-day vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Exchange Server. The vulnerabilities were being used in a coordinated attack. For more information on the vulnerabilities, visit the following links:
1. CVE-2021-26855
2. CVE-2021-26857
3. CVE-2021-26858
4. CVE-2021-27065
The following query finds evidence of Base64-encoded commands used by the Nishang penetration testing framework to load a reverse TCP shell. This might indicate an attacker has remote access to the device.
More queries related to this threat can be found under the See also section of this page.
Reference - https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/02/multiple-security-updates-released-for-exchange-server/
'Finds PowerShell execution events that could involve a download'
'This hunting query looks for hosts that have attempted to interact with the Discord CDN. This activity is not normally invoked from the command line and could indicate C2, exfiltration, or malware delivery activity.'
'Looks for Base64-encoded commands associated with the Nishang reverse TCP shell.
Ref: https://github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1'
Ref: https://github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1'
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Sysrv botnet evolution.
Sysrv is a Go-based botnet that targets both Windows and Linux servers, and steals resources to mine cryptocurrency.
The following query finds instances of Apache Tomcat 8 being exploited to execute encoded PowerShell commands.
Sysrv is a Go-based botnet that targets both Windows and Linux servers, and steals resources to mine cryptocurrency.
The following query finds instances of Apache Tomcat 8 being exploited to execute encoded PowerShell commands.
This query was originally published in the threat analytics report, Solorigate supply chain attack. Please note that these attacks are currently known as the Nobelium campaign.
Microsoft detects the 2020 SolarWinds supply chain attack implant and its other components as part of a campaign by the Nobelium activity group. Nobelium is the threat actor behind the attack against SolarWinds, which was previously referred to as Solorigate.
Nobelium silently added malicious code to legitimate software updates for Orion, which is IT monitoring software provided by SolarWinds. In this way, malicious dynamic link libraries (DLLs) were distributed to SolarWinds customers.
The following query detects events when SolarWinds processes launched PowerShell commands that were possibly encoded in Base64. Attackers may encode PowerShell commands in Base64 to obfuscate malicious activity.
More Nobelium-related queries can be found listed under the See also section of this document.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/
Microsoft detects the 2020 SolarWinds supply chain attack implant and its other components as part of a campaign by the Nobelium activity group. Nobelium is the threat actor behind the attack against SolarWinds, which was previously referred to as Solorigate.
Nobelium silently added malicious code to legitimate software updates for Orion, which is IT monitoring software provided by SolarWinds. In this way, malicious dynamic link libraries (DLLs) were distributed to SolarWinds customers.
The following query detects events when SolarWinds processes launched PowerShell commands that were possibly encoded in Base64. Attackers may encode PowerShell commands in Base64 to obfuscate malicious activity.
More Nobelium-related queries can be found listed under the See also section of this document.
References:
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/
https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/
Original Sigma Rule: https://github.com/Neo23x0/sigma/blob/master/rules/apt/apt_babyshark.yml.
Questions via Twitter: @janvonkirchheim.
Questions via Twitter: @janvonkirchheim.
'The Exchange Powershell Snapin was loaded on a host, this allows for a Exchange server management via PowerShell.
Whilst this is a legitimate administrative tool it is abused by attackers to performs actions on a compromised
Exchange server. Hunt for unusual activity related to this Snapin including it being added on new hosts or by
new accounts.'
Whilst this is a legitimate administrative tool it is abused by attackers to performs actions on a compromised
Exchange server. Hunt for unusual activity related to this Snapin including it being added on new hosts or by
new accounts.'
Snip3 is a family of related remote access trojans. Although the malware in this family contain numerous small variations, they all exhibit similar behaviors and techniques.
The following query looks for potentially hollowed processes that may be used to facilitate command-and-control or exfiltration by Snip3 malware. This technique has been used in recent cases to exfiltrate data, including credentials.
The query may return additional malware or campaigns not necessarily associated with Snip3. However, Microsoft recommends triaging all non-benign results as potential malware.
The following query looks for potentially hollowed processes that may be used to facilitate command-and-control or exfiltration by Snip3 malware. This technique has been used in recent cases to exfiltrate data, including credentials.
The query may return additional malware or campaigns not necessarily associated with Snip3. However, Microsoft recommends triaging all non-benign results as potential malware.
This analytic detects suspicious modifications to Unix shell configuration files, such as `.bashrc` or `.profile`, which may indicate an attempt to alter system behavior or gain unauthorized access. Unauthorized changes to these files can be used to execute malicious commands, escalate privileges, or hide malicious activities. By monitoring for unusual or unauthorized modifications to shell configuration files, this analytic helps identify potential security threats, allowing security teams to respond quickly and mitigate risks.
'Invoke-PowerShellTcpOneLine is a PowerShell script to create a simple and small reverse shell. It can be abused by attackers to exfiltrate data. This query looks for command line activity similar to Invoke-PowerShellTcpOneLine.'
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