Splunk Security
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The following analytic detects the addition of new IIS modules on a Windows IIS server. It leverages the Windows Event log - Microsoft-IIS-Configuration/Operational, specifically EventCode 29, to identify this activity. This behavior is significant because IIS modules are rarely added to production servers, and unauthorized modules could indicate malicious activity. If confirmed malicious, an attacker could use these modules to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or maintain persistence within the environment, potentially compromising the server and sensitive data.
The following analytic identifies attempts to access the Remote ShellServlet on a web server, specifically targeting Confluence servers vulnerable to CVE-2023-22518 and CVE-2023-22515. It leverages web data to detect URLs containing "*plugins/servlet/com.jsos.shell/*" with a status code of 200. This activity is significant as it is commonly associated with web shells and other malicious behaviors, potentially leading to unauthorized command execution. If confirmed malicious, attackers could gain remote code execution capabilities, compromising the server and potentially the entire network.
This analytic detects unexpected outbound network connections initiated by known webserver processes such as `httpd.exe`, `nginx.exe`, or `tomcat.exe` to common file sharing or public content hosting services like GitHub, Discord CDN, Transfer.sh, or Pastebin. Webservers are rarely expected to perform outbound downloads, especially to dynamic or anonymous file hosting domains. This behavior is often associated with server compromise, where an attacker uses a reverse shell, webshell, or injected task to fetch malware or tools post-exploitation. The detection leverages Cisco Network Visibility Module flow data, enriched with process context, to identify this highly suspicious behavior.
The analytic detects headless browser activity accessing mockbin.org or mocky.io. It identifies processes with the "--headless" and "--disable-gpu" command line arguments, along with references to mockbin.org or mocky.io. This behavior is significant as headless browsers are often used for automated tasks, including malicious activities like web scraping or automated attacks. If confirmed malicious, this activity could indicate an attempt to bypass traditional browser security measures, potentially leading to data exfiltration or further exploitation of web applications.
The analytic detects the usage of PowerShell Cmdlets - New-WebGlobalModule, Enable-WebGlobalModule, and Set-WebGlobalModule, which are used to create, enable, or modify IIS Modules. This activity is significant as adversaries may use these lesser-known cmdlets to manipulate IIS configurations, similar to AppCmd.exe, potentially bypassing traditional defenses. If confirmed malicious, this could allow attackers to persist in the environment, manipulate web server behavior, or escalate privileges.
The analytic detects long URLs containing multiple SQL commands, indicating a potential SQL injection attack. This detection leverages web traffic data, specifically targeting web server destinations with URLs longer than 1024 characters or HTTP user agents longer than 200 characters. SQL injection is significant as it allows attackers to manipulate a web application's database, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or modification. If confirmed malicious, this activity could result in data breaches, unauthorized access, and complete system compromise. Immediate investigation and validation of alerts are crucial to mitigate these risks.
The following analytic detects the creation of a local administrator account using the "net.exe" command. It leverages Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) data to identify processes named "net.exe" with the "/add" parameter and keywords related to administrator accounts. This activity is significant as it may indicate an attacker attempting to gain persistent access or escalate privileges. If confirmed malicious, this could lead to unauthorized access, data theft, or further system compromise. Review the process details, user context, and related artifacts to determine the legitimacy of the activity.
The analytic detects the presence of the Supernova webshell, used in the SUNBURST attack, by identifying specific patterns in web URLs. The detection leverages Splunk to search for URLs containing "*logoimagehandler.ashx*codes*", "*logoimagehandler.ashx*clazz*", "*logoimagehandler.ashx*method*", and "*logoimagehandler.ashx*args*". This activity is significant as it indicates potential unauthorized access and arbitrary code execution on a compromised system. If confirmed malicious, this could lead to data theft, ransomware deployment, or other severe outcomes. Immediate steps include reviewing the web URLs, inspecting on-disk artifacts, and analyzing concurrent processes and network connections.
The following analytic detects the rapid creation and deletion of Windows accounts within a short time frame of 1 hour. It leverages the "Change" data model in Splunk, specifically monitoring events with result IDs 4720 (account creation) and 4726 (account deletion). This behavior is significant as it may indicate an attacker attempting to create and remove accounts quickly to evade detection or gain unauthorized access. If confirmed malicious, this activity could lead to unauthorized access, privilege escalation, or further malicious actions within the environment. Immediate investigation of flagged events is crucial to mitigate potential damage.
This analytic detects the execution of commands to start or enable services on Linux systems. This behavior is critical for a SOC to monitor because it may indicate attempts to gain unauthorized access or maintain control over a system. Such actions could be signs of malicious activity. If confirmed, this could lead to serious consequences, including a compromised system, unauthorized access to sensitive data, or even a wider breach affecting the entire network. Detecting and responding to these signs early is essential to prevent potential security incidents.
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