Arnold Chan
@slazTrusted contributorCompletionist
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This rule detects administrative SQL statements (ALTER ROLE, CREATE ROLE, or GRANT) that assign the REPLICATION attribute to a database role. The REPLICATION attribute in PostgreSQL allows a user to initiate streaming replication and perform logical decoding. This is a security-sensitive privilege, as users with this attribute can potentially bypass standard access controls or, if the environment is misconfigured or vulnerable (e.g., CVE-2026-6471), potentially leverage malicious replication plugins to achieve arbitrary code execution.
Detects anomalous activity originating from PostgreSQL processes, including the spawning of shells (cmd, powershell, sh, bash), access to sensitive files (e.g., /etc/shadow, SSH keys), and file creation outside the standard PostgreSQL data directories, which is consistent with the abuse of SQL functionality like pg_read_file() or lo_export().
Detects periodic POST requests to an external endpoint containing specific request parameters (name, value, type) and a 'User-token' header, consistent with the expected beaconing intervals of the curlRAT malware (12h or 30s fast-poll).
Detects modifications to the PostgreSQL configuration file 'pg_hba.conf' closely followed by a reload command (via pg_ctl or postgres processes). This behavior is indicative of an attacker attempting to modify authentication or connection access controls for a database.
Detects direct SQL UPDATE operations on the pg_authid system table to modify privilege flags (e.g., rolsuper, rolcreaterole) without using the authorized ALTER ROLE statement. Such activity often indicates an attempt to escalate privileges or modify database user permissions in an unauthorized manner, bypassing standard auditing and role management processes.
Detects direct SQL UPDATE operations on the pg_authid system table to modify privilege flags (e.g., rolsuper, rolcreaterole) without using the authorized ALTER ROLE statement. Such activity often indicates an attempt to escalate privileges or modify database user permissions in an unauthorized manner, bypassing standard auditing and role management processes.
Detects the execution of known potentially malicious tools cplsupport.exe and wtass.exe with install parameters, or the creation of a Windows service associated with these filenames using sc.exe. This activity is indicative of service-based persistence or malicious software installation.
Detects file creation, modification, or renaming in System32 by TieringEngineService.exe or MsMpEng.exe within a short time frame.
Detects suspicious service creation or registry modifications involving WpnUserHost that do not reference System32.
Detects suspicious service creation or registry modifications related to wscl.exe that mimic persistence mechanisms.
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